Hygrometer.



W. JANDUS.

HYGBOMETER.

APPLICATION FILED NOV; 2, 1906.

1,005,550. Patented Oct. 10,1911.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH CD.,WASIHNGTON. D. c.

- W. JANDUS.

HYGROMBTER. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 2, 1906.

Patented Oct. 10, 1911.

2 SHEETFSHEET 2.

' Fl a? 111- 7 awueM/lbm mm Wm yw q/ COLUMIHA PLANOGRAPH 60..WASHINGTON. D. C.

WILLIAM JANDUS, F CLEVELAND, OHIO.

HYGROMETER.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM JANDUS, a citizen of the United States,resident of Cleveland, county of Cuyahoga, and State of Ohio, haveinvented a new and useful Improvement in Hygrometers, of which thefollowing is a specification, the principle of the invention beingherein explained and the best mode in which I have contemplated applyingthat principle, so as to distinguish it from other inventions.

My invention relates to especially to a device of this character inwhich a coil composed of one or more strands of hygroscopic material isadapted to indicate, by means of suitable mecha uism, the changes in themoisture conditions of the atmosphere.

Said invention consists of means hereinafter fully described andspecifically set forth in the claims.

The annexed drawings and the following description set forth in detailcertain mechanism embodying the invention, such disclosed meansconstituting but one of various mechanical forms in which thehygrometers, and

principle of the invention may be used.

In said annexed drawings: Figure I repsents a plan View of my invention;Fig. II represents a central vertical section of the same; Fig. IIIrepresents a left-hand elevation of a spring-plate, a second plateoscillatorily mounted thereon, and two hygroscopic coils pivoted uponsaid oscillatorily mounted plate; Fig. IV represents a righthandelevation of another plate and the right-hand ends of said twohygroscopic coils having a rolling or pivotal contact therewith; andFigs. V and VI represent, respectively, an elevation and a plan view ofone of said coils.

My invention comprises the use of two elements A and B made of the samehygroscopic material, such as cotton, silk, catgut, or any othermaterial suitable for the purpose, said elements being mounted 111 asuitable frame E having an upper annular supporting plate C, upon whichrests a graduated casing or dial plate D. One of the elements isrendered impervious to moisture by means of paraflin or some othermaterial adapted to prevent moisture from acting upon the fiber. Thefunction of the protected coil, which, 1n this case, 'the coil B, is tocompensate for differhas Specification of Letters Patent. Applicationfiled November 2, 1906.

Patented Oct. 10, 1911. Serial No. 341,708.

ences in temperature, both of the coils being affected alike bytemperature changes. In order to protect the fibers against organicdeterioration, both elements A and B are dipped in a weak solution ofcyanid of potassium which has high antiseptic properties and which,while not injuring the fiber, renders it or tends to make it morehygroscopic. After such treatment, the fiber or material intended forthe compensating element, is dipped in hot parafiin or some othernon-hygroscopic substance, and is thus rendered impervious to moisture.

Many of the structural features of this invention are identical with orsimilar to features for accomplishing the same purpose shown in mypending application for United States Letters Patent upon electrometricappliances, Serial No. 311,853, filed August 16, 1906, and also anapplication filed even date herewith for United States Letters Patentupon an improved thermometer.

In the left-hand side of the frame E are mounted posts f, to which isadjustably secured by means of screw f a spring-plate F, which isprovided with pivotal pin-bearings F, as plainly shown in the drawings.An oscillatory plate G is provided with conical recesses 9 adapted toreceive said pivotal pin-bearings f and is also provided with recesses 9adapted to engage with pivotal pin-bearings provided upon the coils Aand B, as hereinafter more fully described. It will be noted, uponreference to Fig. III, that upon its right-hand side the spring-plate Fis secured to the righthand post f by means of two screws f, therebyrendering it impossible for said plate F to get out of verticalalinement. The tension upon said plate F will, of course, depend uponthe tension of the elements A and B, which may be increased or decreasedby 72. hereinafter more fully described.

Upon the right-hand side of the instrument is provided a rigid plate Hadjustably connected by means of screws 72/ to posts k supported in theframe E. Said H is beveled ofi at the ends [i and provided with slots hthrough which are passed and secured by bearing-pins a b the right-handends of elements A and B, Fig. I. The fiber strands of the elementstightening screws f; and l rigid plate i A and B, which are no alike inconstruction, are wound in a conl (P and a, as shown in Flgs. V and VI.In-

closing said plate G, as plainly inner members a and a and those partsof the fiber wrapped about the same, are outer sheaths a and W, saidcentral plates and sheaths being rigidly bound together by means of asuitable rivet a and pin 64. Upon the upper and lower eX- tremities ofthe central plate a are provided pivotal points a adapted to engage withthe pivotal recesses g in the oscillatory shown in Fig. III. The pin aat the right-hand end of the element A rolls upon the outer surface ofthe plate H, the two elements passing through suitable slots h of saidplate as shown in Fig. IV. As plainly shown in Fig. III, the twoelements pass through the oscillatory plate G by means of the opening 9The bearings a upon the left-hand end of the element A adjust thetension of said element as regards its right and left hand strands, asindicated in Fig. VI by a and a, respectively; whereas, the rolling orpivotal movements of the bearing-pin a adjust the tension of saidelement as regards its upper and lower strands, particularly designatedin Fig. V by a and a respectively, so that said two sets of end bearingsefiect adjustments in the tension which are of a rightangularrelationship.

Adjustably secured to the plate G by means of screws j in a slot j is afork J which acts as a multiplying device and is provided with curvedtines 9' the extremities of which are united by means of a thread orfiber 3' as plainly shown in Fig. I. Secured to the upper annular disk 0is an inwardly projecting member K, provided with a conically-recessedscrew is centrally located as regards the instrument, to the recessedend of which is journaled one end of an arbor 7c, the other end of whichis journaled in a post secured in the frame E. Secured upon said arbor7c is a drum 70 about which is wrapped the thread j Also secured to saidarbor 7c is an indicating pointer I.

It will be readily apparent from the above description that any changein the amount of moisture inthe atmosphere will afiect the length of thecoil A, such change not affecting the coil B, which latter compensatesfor the temperature changes only, the change in the coil A effecting thepressure which said coil exerts upon the plate G because the spring Ftends to equalize the disturbed equilibrium between the two coils, theconsequent oscillation of which plate Gr induces through the fork J andbelt i a movement of the indicating needle I, thus registering theamount of moisture change.

I wish particularly to call attention to the fact that the instrumentcan be adjusted for tension and leverage by means of the screws h,intersecting the posts 7?,- and by means of the screws f intersectingthe posts f; and, additionally, for leverage by means of the adjustmentof the fork J upon the oscil- 70 latory member G. Said instrument is ofvery quick action, owing to the fact that there is a large surfaceexposed, by means of the plurality of threads (1, to the changes ofmoisture, so that said moisture is absorbed or given off very rapidly.It will, of course, be understood that moisture tends to shrink orshorten the coil A, while dryness tends to lengthen it. The coils A andB may comprise either a single thread a or a plurality of the same,depending upon the hygroscopic material which is used, it being foundthat the use of only a single thread of a strong material such ascat-gut, will often prove SlllfiClGIlt.

Having thus described my invention in detail, that which I particularlypoint out and. distinctly claim is 1. In a hygrometer, the combinationwith a hygroscopic element, of a compensating element consisting of twoend supports, and a fiber treated with a substance impervious tomoisture attached to said supports.

2. In a hygrometer, the combination with a hygroscopic element, of anelement consisting of two end supports, and a continuous fiber coatedwith an antiseptic substance impervious to moisture wound around saidsupports.

8. In a hygrometer, an element consisting of two end supports, eachcomprising a central plate and an outer sheath; and a hygroscopicmaterial wound about said plates and. intermediate of the latter andsaid sheaths,

4. In a hygrometer, an element consisting of two end sup-ports, eachcomprising a central plate and an outer sheath; and a coil of continuoushygroscopic fiber wound 7 around said plates andintermediate of the 11latter and said sheaths.

5. In a hygrometer, a continuous hygroscopic fiber; two plates betweenwhich said fiber is supported and about which the same is wound; asheath inclosing each of sa1 1 plates and the fibers wound about thesame; and pivotal bearings provided upon each of said plates.

6. In a hygrometer, an element consisting of two end supports providedwith piv- 120 otal bearings, and a strand of hygroscopic materialattached to said supports.

7. In a hygrometer, an element consisting of two end supports providedwith pivotal bearings angularly arranged relatively to 1 each other, andhygroscopic material attached to said supports.

8. In a hygrometer, an element consisting to each other, and ahygroscopic material attached to said supports.

9. In a hygrometer, an element consisting of two end supports providedwith pivotal bearings arranged at right angles relatively to each other,and a continuous hygroscopic fiber wound around said two supports.

10. In a hygrometer, two plates; a con tinuous hygroscopic fiber woundaround said two plates; pivotal bearings provided upon the upper andlower extremities of one of said plates; and a pin intersecting theother plate intermediate of its ends and providing two pivotal bearings.

11. In a hygrometer, two plates; a continuous hygroscopic fiber woundaround said two plates; sheaths inclosing said plates and the fiberwound about the same; and means for rigidly connecting said plates andsheaths respectively, one of said plates being provided wit-h pivotalbearings, and the means for connecting the other plate and its sheathbeing provided with bearings angularly arranged relatively to saidfirstmentioned pivotal bearings.

12. In a hygrometer, two plates; a continuous hygroscopic fiber woundaround said two plates; sheaths inclosing said plates and the fiberwound about the same; and means for rigidly connecting said plates andsheaths, respectively, one of said plates provided with pivotalbearings, and the means for connecting the other plate and its sheathprovided with pivotal bearings arranged at right angles to said firstmentioned pivotal bearings.

13. In a hygrometer, a hygroscopic coil; means for pivotally mountingone end of said coil; a spring-plate; a member oscillatorily mountedupon said spring-plate, the other end of said coil being pivotallymounted upon said plate; and indicating mechanism connected with andadapted to be actuated by said oscillatory member.

14. In a hygrometer, a hygroscopic coil provided with pivotal bearingsat each end; a rigid plate provided with pivotal recesses adapted toengage with the bearings at one end of said coil; a spring-plate; amember oscillatorily mounted upon said springplate, said member providedwith bearing recesses adapted to engage with the bearings at the otherend of said coil; and indi cating mechanism connected with and adaptedto be actuated by said oscillatory member.

15. In a hygrometer, a frame; a spring plate supported therein; ahygroscopic coil supported at one end in said frame and pivotallymounted at its other end upon said plate; and indicating mechanismconnected to said coil. 1

16. In a hygrometer, a frame; a springplate adjustably supportedtherein; a hygroscopic coil supported at one end in "said frame andpivotally mounted at its other end upon said plate; and indicatingmechanism connected to said coil.

17. In a hygrometer a frame; a rigid plate and a spring-plate supportedtherein; a hygroscopic coil connected to, and pivotally mounted at itsends relatively to, said plates, respectively; and indicating mechanismconnected to said coil.

18. In a hygrometer, a frame; a rigid plate and a spring-plate bothadjustably supported therein; a hygroscopic coil connected to, andpivotally mounted at its ends relatively to, said plates, respectively;and indicating mechanism connected to said coil.

19. In a hygrometer, a frame; a rigid plate and a spring-plate bothadjustably supported therein, said rigid plate being provided withhearing recesses and said springplate with pivotal'pin-bearings; an'oscillatory member provided with recessed bearings, some of which areadapted to engage with the pivotal pin-bearings of said springplate; ahygroscopic coil provided with pivotal bearings at its ends adapted toengage with the recessed bearings of said rigid plate and with some ofthe recessed bearings of said oscillatory member, respectively; andindicating mechanism connect-ed with and adapted to be actuated by saidoscillatory member.

20. In a hygrometer, a frame; two coils pivotally mounted in said frame,said coils being adapted to be affected alike by tem perature changes,and one of said coils being hygroscopic and the other impervious to,-moisture; and indicating mechanism connected with both of said coils.

21. In a hygrometer, a frame; two coils of hygroscopic material eachpivotally mounted at one end in said frame; a springplate supported insaid frame; a member oscillatorily mounted upon said spring-plate, theother end of each of said coils being pivotally mounted upon saidmember, one of said coils being subject to temperature changes only; andindicating mechanism connected with and adaptedto be actuated by saidoscillatory member.

22. In a hygrometer, a frame; a rigid plate adjustably mounted thereinand provided with beveled end portions; two coils of hygroscopicmaterial each pivotally mounted at one end upon a beveled end portion ofsaid rigid plate; a spring-plate also adjustably mounted in said frame;a member oscillatorily mounted upon said springplate, the other ends ofsaid coils being pivotally mounted upon said oscillatory member, one ofsaid coils being subject to temperature changes only; and indicatingmechanism connected with and adapted to be actuated by said oscillatorymember.

23. In a hygrometer, a frame; a hygroscopic coil pivotally mountedtherein; and

indicating mechanism connected to said coil and provided with a forkhaving flexible tines and adapted to act as a multiplying device.

24. In a hygrometer, a frame; a hygroscopic coil pivotally mountedtherein; and indicating mechanism connected to said coil and providedwith a fork adjustably mounted relatively to said coil and adapted toact as a multiplying device.

25. In a hygrometer, a frame; a hygroscopic coil pivotally mountedtherein; and indicating mechanism connected to said coil and providedwith a fork adjustably mounted relatively to said coil, having flexibletines, and adapted to act as a multiplying device.

26. In a hygrometer, a frame; two-coils of the same hygroscopic materialpivotally mounted in said frame, one of said coils being provided with acoating of a nonhygroscopic substance; and indicating mechanismconnected with both of said coils.

27. In a hygrometer, a frame; two coils of the same hygroscopic materialpivotally mounted in said frame, one of said coils being provided with acoating of parafiin; and indicating mechanism connected with both ofsaid coils.

28. In a hygrometer, a frame; two coils pivotally mounted in said frame,and treated with an antiseptic material, said coils being adapted to beaffected alike by temperature changes, and one of said coils beinghygroscopic and the other impervious to moisture; and indicatingmechanism connected with both of said coils.

29. In a hygrometer, a frame; two coils of the same hygroscopic materialpivotally mounted in said frame, both of said coils being treated withan antiseptic solution and one of said coils being provided also with acoating of paraffin; and indicating mechanism connected with both ofsaid coils.

Signed by me, this 26 day of October,

WILLIAM JANDUS. Attested by- E. L. BUCK, G. W. SAYWELL.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G.

